Excel: UPPER, LOWER & PROPER Functions

UPPER

UPPER function in Excel converts a text string to all uppercase letters. Numbers, punctuation, and spaces will, however, not be affected. UPPER function takes just one argument (TEXT) which can be a text value or cell reference. UPPER changes any lowercase characters in the text value to uppercase. UPPER will convert numbers to text with number formatting removed.

LOWER

LOWER function in Excel converts a text string to all lowercase letters. Numbers, punctuation, and spaces, however,  will not affected. The LOWER function takes just one argument (TEXT) which can be a text value or cell reference. LOWER changes any uppercase characters in the text value to lowercase. LOWER will convert numbers to text with number formatting removed.

PROPER

PROPER function in Excel capitalizes first character of each word in a given text string. Numbers, punctuation, and spaces, however, are not affected. PROPER function takes just one argument (TEXT) which can be a text value or cell reference. PROPER function capitalizes first character of each word and make lowercase remaining character of the word in the provided text string. Numbers, punctuation, and spaces are not affected. PROPER will convert numbers to text with number formatting removed. In financial analysis, we often import data from external sources.

The UPPER / LOWER / PROPER function will help us convert text to upper / lower / proper case if required. It will not affect numbers and punctuations. Cleaning up data for analysis is often a very time-consuming step, TEXT functions are often great tools to speed up the process.